Distortion field guide
Marketing as evidence
Promotional material dressed up as independent proof.
How it enters the chain
A brand's own study, press release, or sponsored post gets cited as if it were neutral research, often laundered through several reshares that strip the origin.
How to spot it
Trace who funded or published the strongest source. If the answer is the seller, the evidence is weaker than it looks.
Specimens on record (1)